Home » What We Do » Reconstructive Surgery » Reconstructive Jaw Surgery
Reconstructive Jaw Surgery
Loss of teeth leads to loss of alveolar bone over time. Alveolar bone is the bone the teeth are rooted in. It lies on the basal bone of the maxilla and mandible. Stimulation from the teeth maintains the bone and the bone holds the teeth in place. Loss of teeth results in loss of that stimulation which in turn results in atrophy (shrinking) of the alveolar bone over time. In certain patients this loss can be rapid and severe. It may be due to genetic factors or low bone density due to poor diet or hormonal factors. The differences in atrophy rates between patients have not been studied. The loss of the alveolar bone after tooth extraction starts immediately and is worsened by denture wear. Pressure applied to the alveolar bone via a tooth stimulates the bone to “grow” whereas pressure applied to the gums causes bone to resorb more rapidly.
Patients with severe alveolar bone atrophy find it difficult or impossible to wear dentures. The loss of bone volume makes the face droop and sink in causing a premature aged appearance. Masticatory (chewing) function is greatly diminished and can lead to poor nutrition and digestive problems. The loss of bone can weaken the jaw so much that fractures occur with normal activities. Reconstruction of the jaw bone and restoration of the dentition usually involves bone grafting and dental implants. If pathologic fractures have occurred large reconstruction plates will be applied via an external approach which involves a neck incision.
If fractures have not yet occurred the best approach in some cases is via an incision beneath the chin. Implants and bone grafts can be usually placed at the same time. Healing occurs over a 6 month period. The end result should be an implant supported prosthesis which will stimulate bone like natural teeth.
Reconstructive Jaw Surgery Pictures and Case Studies
Total jaw reconstructive surgery for severe atrophy and fractures. Fractures on both sides of the jaw were due to biting on a cookie and a popsicle.
To preview Pre-Operative Instructions, Consent and Post-Operative Instructions along with the scheduled visits, see “Doc’s Orders; Reconstructive Surgery; Loss of Bone”.